| active voice | |||||||
| present indicative | present subjunctive | ||||||
| 1sg | ek vaki | 1pl | vér vǫkum | 1sg | ek vaka | 1pl | vér vakim |
| 2sg | þú vakir | 2pl | þér vakið | 2sg | þú vakir | 2pl | þér vakið |
| 3sg | hon vakir | 3pl | þau vaka | 3sg | hon vaki | 3pl | þau vaki |
| preterite indicative | preterite subjunctive | ||||||
| 1sg | ek vakða | 1pl | vér vǫkðum | 1sg | ek vekða | 1pl | vér vekðim |
| 2sg | þú vakðir | 2pl | þér vǫkðuð | 2sg | þú vekðir | 2pl | þér vekðið |
| 3sg | hon vakði | 3pl | þau vǫkðu | 3sg | hon vekði | 3pl | þau vekði |
| preterite infinitive | vǫkðu | ||||||
| past participle | f. | vǫkuð | m. | vakaðr | n. | vakat | |
| imperative | 2sg | vaki | 1pl | vǫkum | 2pl | vakið | |
| middle voice: vakask (rare) | |||||||
| present indicative | present subjunctive | ||||||
| 1sg | ek vǫkumk | 1pl | vér vǫkumk | 1sg | ek vǫkumk | 1pl | vér vakimk |
| 2sg | þú vakisk | 2pl | þér vakizk | 2sg | þú vakisk | 2pl | þér vakizk |
| 3sg | hon vakisk | 3pl | þau vakask | 3sg | hon vakisk | 3pl | þau vakisk |
| preterite indicative | preterite subjunctive | ||||||
| 1sg | ek vǫkðumk | 1pl | vér vǫkðumk | 1sg | ek vekðumk | 1pl | vér vekðimk |
| 2sg | þú vakðisk | 2pl | þér vǫkðuzk | 2sg | þú vekðisk | 2pl | þér vekðizk |
| 3sg | hon vakðisk | 3pl | þau vǫkðusk | 3sg | hon vekðisk | 3pl | þau vekðisk |
| past participle | n. | vakazk | |||||
| imperative | 2sg | vakisk | 1pl | vǫkumk | 2pl | vakizk | |
PG *wakēną, OE wacian 2, ME wāken, MnE wake, Dutch waken, German wachen; cf. strong PG *wakaną “wake,” ON *vaka VI attested as the participle vakinn, OE wacan VI “wake, originate,” ME wāken “wake; wake up; arise.” In English, the three senses of the root (causative, intransitive, and inchoative “wake up”) had coalesced by the ME period. The preterite system coincides with that of vekja 1. Preterite variant vakti. Vaka primarily carries the stative sense “be awake”; cf. inchoative vakna 2 “pass from sleep into waking” and transitive vekja 1 “wake (somebody).”
Corpus search: present active / preterite active / present reflexive / preterite reflexive
© P. S. Langeslag 2011, 2022