active voice | |||||||
present indicative | present subjunctive | ||||||
1sg | ek uggi | 1pl | vér uggum | 1sg | ek ugga | 1pl | vér uggim |
2sg | þú uggir | 2pl | þér uggið | 2sg | þú uggir | 2pl | þér uggið |
3sg | hon uggir | 3pl | þau ugga | 3sg | hon uggi | 3pl | þau uggi |
preterite indicative | preterite subjunctive | ||||||
1sg | ek uggða | 1pl | vér uggðum | 1sg | ek yggða | 1pl | vér yggðim |
2sg | þú uggðir | 2pl | þér uggðuð | 2sg | þú yggðir | 2pl | þér yggðið |
3sg | hon uggði | 3pl | þau uggðu | 3sg | hon yggði | 3pl | þau yggði |
preterite infinitive | uggðu | ||||||
past participle | f. | ugguð | m. | uggaðr | n. | uggat | |
imperative | 2sg | uggi | 1pl | uggum | 2pl | uggið |
middle voice: uggask (not attested) | |||||||
present indicative | present subjunctive | ||||||
1sg | ek uggumk | 1pl | vér uggumk | 1sg | ek uggumk | 1pl | vér uggimk |
2sg | þú uggisk | 2pl | þér uggizk | 2sg | þú uggisk | 2pl | þér uggizk |
3sg | hon uggisk | 3pl | þau uggask | 3sg | hon uggisk | 3pl | þau uggisk |
preterite indicative | preterite subjunctive | ||||||
1sg | ek uggðumk | 1pl | vér uggðumk | 1sg | ek yggðumk | 1pl | vér yggðimk |
2sg | þú uggðisk | 2pl | þér uggðuzk | 2sg | þú yggðisk | 2pl | þér yggðizk |
3sg | hon uggðisk | 3pl | þau uggðusk | 3sg | hon yggðisk | 3pl | þau yggðisk |
past participle | n. | uggazk | |||||
imperative | 2sg | uggisk | 1pl | uggumk | 2pl | uggizk |
Shares a root with the nouns PG *ōgnō, ON ógn “fear,” which gave rise to the ON verb ógna 2 “threaten”; PG *ōhtan, ON ótti “fear,” which gave rise to the ON verb ótta 2 “frighten”; PG *agiz, ON agi, OE ege, ME eie, MnE awe; PG *ōgōną, OE ōga “terror”; PG *anhtō, OE ōht “fear,” German Acht “outlawry”; and the verbs PG *ōgijaną, ON œgja 1 “frighten,” OE onēgan 1 “fear”; and ON óask 1/3 “be afraid.” Source of the ON nouns uggr, uggð, and yggr “fear,” which complex gave rise to a further verb yggja 1 “fear”; of ME uggen; and thus (indirectly?) of the adjective ON uggligr, ME uglī, MnE ugly. Preterite variant ugði, participkle ugðr.
Corpus search: present active / preterite active / present reflexive / preterite reflexive
© P. S. Langeslag 2011, 2022