dirfa 1 (long stem) “incite”

“give sbd courage; dare”

frequent

transitive (acc)/intransitive

active voice
present indicative present subjunctive
1sg ek dirfi 1pl vér dirfum 1sg ek dirfa 1pl vér dirfim
2sg þú dirfir 2pl þér dirfið 2sg þú dirfir 2pl þér dirfið
3sg hon dirfir 3pl þau dirfa 3sg hon dirfi 3pl þau dirfi
preterite indicative preterite subjunctive
1sg ek dirfða 1pl vér dirfðum 1sg ek dirfða 1pl vér dirfðim
2sg þú dirfðir 2pl þér dirfðuð 2sg þú dirfðir 2pl þér dirfðið
3sg hon dirfði 3pl þau dirfðu 3sg hon dirfði 3pl þau dirfði
preterite infinitive dirfðu
past participle f. dirfð m. dirfðr n. dirft
imperative 2sg dirf 1pl dirfum 2pl dirfið
middle voice: dirfask “summon courage; dare, presume; grow impertinent; persist”
present indicative present subjunctive
1sg ek dirfumk 1pl vér dirfumk 1sg ek dirfumk 1pl vér dirfimk
2sg þú dirfisk 2pl þér dirfizk 2sg þú dirfisk 2pl þér dirfizk
3sg hon dirfisk 3pl þau dirfask 3sg hon dirfisk 3pl þau dirfisk
preterite indicative preterite subjunctive
1sg ek dirfðumk 1pl vér dirfðumk 1sg ek dirfðumk 1pl vér dirfðimk
2sg þú dirfðisk 2pl þér dirfðuzk 2sg þú dirfðisk 2pl þér dirfðizk
3sg hon dirfðisk 3pl þau dirfðusk 3sg hon dirfðisk 3pl þau dirfðisk
past participle n. dirfzk
imperative 2sg dirfsk 1pl dirfumk 2pl dirfizk

Shares a root with the adjective PG *derbaz, ON djarfr “bold, daring,” OE deorf, dearf, ME derf and the noun PG *derfiþō, ON dirfð “courage.” Not to be confused with Dutch durven, which gained its modern sense “dare” by confusion of the verbs here discussed under þurfa pretpres (III) and þora 3.

Corpus search: present active / preterite active / present reflexive / preterite reflexive

© P. S. Langeslag 2011, 2022