active voice | |||||||
present indicative | present subjunctive | ||||||
1sg | ek dirfi | 1pl | vér dirfum | 1sg | ek dirfa | 1pl | vér dirfim |
2sg | þú dirfir | 2pl | þér dirfið | 2sg | þú dirfir | 2pl | þér dirfið |
3sg | hon dirfir | 3pl | þau dirfa | 3sg | hon dirfi | 3pl | þau dirfi |
preterite indicative | preterite subjunctive | ||||||
1sg | ek dirfða | 1pl | vér dirfðum | 1sg | ek dirfða | 1pl | vér dirfðim |
2sg | þú dirfðir | 2pl | þér dirfðuð | 2sg | þú dirfðir | 2pl | þér dirfðið |
3sg | hon dirfði | 3pl | þau dirfðu | 3sg | hon dirfði | 3pl | þau dirfði |
preterite infinitive | dirfðu | ||||||
past participle | f. | dirfð | m. | dirfðr | n. | dirft | |
imperative | 2sg | dirf | 1pl | dirfum | 2pl | dirfið |
middle voice: dirfask “summon courage; dare, presume; grow impertinent; persist” | |||||||
present indicative | present subjunctive | ||||||
1sg | ek dirfumk | 1pl | vér dirfumk | 1sg | ek dirfumk | 1pl | vér dirfimk |
2sg | þú dirfisk | 2pl | þér dirfizk | 2sg | þú dirfisk | 2pl | þér dirfizk |
3sg | hon dirfisk | 3pl | þau dirfask | 3sg | hon dirfisk | 3pl | þau dirfisk |
preterite indicative | preterite subjunctive | ||||||
1sg | ek dirfðumk | 1pl | vér dirfðumk | 1sg | ek dirfðumk | 1pl | vér dirfðimk |
2sg | þú dirfðisk | 2pl | þér dirfðuzk | 2sg | þú dirfðisk | 2pl | þér dirfðizk |
3sg | hon dirfðisk | 3pl | þau dirfðusk | 3sg | hon dirfðisk | 3pl | þau dirfðisk |
past participle | n. | dirfzk | |||||
imperative | 2sg | dirfsk | 1pl | dirfumk | 2pl | dirfizk |
Shares a root with the adjective PG *derbaz, ON djarfr “bold, daring,” OE deorf, dearf, ME derf and the noun PG *derfiþō, ON dirfð “courage.” Not to be confused with Dutch durven, which gained its modern sense “dare” by confusion of the verbs here discussed under þurfa pretpres (III) and þora 3.
Corpus search: present active / preterite active / present reflexive / preterite reflexive
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